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Rod Machado’s Private/Commercial Pilot Handbook
15-28

The Normal Climb Chart - 110 Knots

NORMAL CLIMB – 110 KIAS Fig. 36
Aircraft weight: 3,400 lbs.
CONDITIONS:
Airport Pressure Altitude: 8,000 ft. FLAPS UP
GEAR UP
Temp at 8,000 feet is 6C 2,500 RPM
30 INCHES HG
Using the Normal Climb 120 PPH FUEL FLOW
chart and the conditions listed COWL FLAPS OPEN
STANDARD TEMPERATURE
above, how much time and fuel NOTES:
are required to climb to a PA of 1. ADD 16 POUNDS OF FUEL FOR ENGINE START, TAXI, AND TAKEOFF ALLOWANCE.
12,000 feet (Figure 36)? 2. INCREASE TIME, FUEL, AND DISTANCE BY 10% FOR EACH 7 °C ABOVE STANDARD TEMPERATURE.
3. DISTANCES SHOWN ARE BASED ON ZERO WIND.
Let’s begin by finding the
time to climb. At 3,400 lbs., it FROM SEA LEVEL
WEIGHT PRESS ALT RATE OF CLIMB
takes 10 minutes to climb from (LB) (FT) (FPM) TIME FUEL USED DISTANCE
SL to a PA of 8,000 feet. It also 4,000 S.L. 605 (MIN) (LB) (NM)
0
0
0
takes 16 minutes to climb from 4,000 570 7 14 13
SL to 12,000 feet. That’s a dif- 8,000 530 14 28 27
ference of 6 minutes. 12,000 485 22 44 43
16,000 430 31 62 63
However, the temperature at
20,000 365 41 82 87
8,000 feet is probably not stan-
S.L. 700 0 0 0
dard. The formula for finding 3,700 4,000 665 6 12 11
standard temperature at 8,000 8,000 625 12 24 23
feet PA is shown below: 12,000 580 19 37 37
15 - (8 x 2) = -1 degree C 16,000 525 26 52 53
20,000 460 34 68 72
That means the temperature S.L. 810 0 0 0
at 8,000 feet PA is 7 degrees C 4,000 775 5 10 9
above standard. Note #2 says to 3,400 8,000 735 10 21 20
increase time, fuel, and distance 12,000 690 16 32 31
16,000 635 22 44 45
by 10% for each 7 degrees C
20,000 565 29 57 61
above standard. Since standard
temp at a PA of 8,000 feet is -1C, we’ll multiply 6 minutes by 1.1, which gives a total time to climb of 6.6 minutes or 6
minutes and 36 seconds to climb to 12,000 feet from 8,000 feet.
The amount of fuel used to climb from SL to 8,000 feet at 3,400 lbs. is 21 lbs. The amount of fuel used to climb from
SL to 12,000 feet is 32 lbs. That’s a difference of 11 lbs. However, we must increase this fuel consumption by 10%
since the temperature is 7 degrees above standard at 12,000 feet. This gives us a fuel usage of 12.1 lbs. to climb from a
PA of 8,000 feet to a PA of 12,000 feet.
The Normal Climb to Altitude From Sea Level
Using the same performance chart above, compute the total fuel used from engine start and for a normal climb
from SL to a PA of 6,000 feet in an airplane weighing 3,700 lbs. with an airport temperature of 22 degrees C?
Since there’s no listing for a 6,000 foot PA in the chart above, you’ll have to interpolate between the values of 4,000
feet and 8,000 feet. The difference in fuel used between these two altitudes is 12 lbs. Half of 12 lbs. is 6 lbs. This is
added to the fuel used to climb to 4,000 feet, resulting in a fuel consumption value of 18 lbs.
However, Note #2 says that you must increase the time, fuel and distance values by 10% for each 7 degrees C above
standard. At this stage of your training you should know that standard temperature at SL is 15 degrees C. Therefore,
the SL temp is 7 degrees C higher than standard. That means increasing the fuel used by 10%. This gives a fuel use
value of (1.1 x 18 lbs. = 19.8 lbs.). Hold on, rocket pants. You aren’t done yet. You must also consider Note #1 which
states that 16 lbs. of fuel must be added here for engine start, taxi, and takeoff. That gives a total fuel used of (19.8
lbs. + 16 lbs. = 35.8 lbs.).